Genetic Disruptions Induced by Marine Invasive Species: Implications for Biodiversity, Evolutionary Trajectories, and Ecosystem Resilience

Abstract

ABSTRACT Marine biological invasions are accelerating under the influence of global trade and climate change, posing one of the most pressing threats to ocean biodiversity. This review critically examines the genetic consequences of invasive species in marine ecosystems, with a focus on mechanisms such as hybridization, introgression, genetic homogenization, and population bottlenecks. Invasive species not only disrupt native gene pools through processes such as hybridization and genetic introgression but can also shift evolutionary pathways, reduce adaptive potential, and destabilize ecological networks. Through key case studies including Pterois spp. in coral reefs and Carcinus maenas in estuarine systems, this review highlights the multifaceted genetic impacts across diverse marine environments. It further explores how emerging stressors, such as ocean warming and habitat degradation, intensify these effects. Despite progress in applying next‐generation sequencing tools for detection and monitoring, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of invasion dynamics at both genetic and ecosystem levels. The review advocates for a more integrated framework that combines genomic data, policy action, and public engagement to improve invasive species management. Ultimately, this work underscores the urgent need for transdisciplinary strategies to preserve marine genetic diversity and ecosystem resilience in an era of escalating environmental change.