Exploring the Concept of Safe Sex in Adolescents: Insights From a Scoping Review Approach

Abstract

This concept analysis explores the nature of safe sex among adolescents, offering insights to empower them in making informed sexual decisions. Using Walker and Avant's methodological framework and a scoping review approach, we conducted an extensive literature search in PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL-Complete, and Thai Journal Online, identifying 1414 records. After duplicate removal, 1288 records were screened, with 43 studies included in the final review. Our analysis defines safe sex by identifying its attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. Four key attributes emerged: (1) condom use as a protective measure, (2) avoidance of substance use, (3) monogamy, and (4) effective communication. Antecedents include access to sexual health education, positive peer and parental influences, and availability of protective resources. Consequences include reduced risk of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, as well as enhanced emotional well-being and relationship quality. Model, borderline, related, and contrary cases were developed to distinguish safe sex from related but incomplete behaviors. Findings emphasize the need for comprehensive, age-appropriate sexual health education. Healthcare providers should integrate these elements into routine adolescent health visits to promote safer sexual practices.

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