X-ray photoelectron microscopy applied to metal/epoxy laminates
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Abstract
In this article we describe the application of x-ray photoelectron microscopy to an industrial epoxy laminate. Cold rolled steel and galvanized steel bonds of an epoxy/dicyandiamide adhesive were studied by lap-shear strength measurements; the fracture surfaces of the sheared coupons were subsequently examined by x-ray photoelectron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron microscopy allows one to identify the lateral distribution of chemical elements and to distinguish between particulates (silicate filler), adhesively failed regions, and bulk epoxy material with a resolution of 10 μm. Areas selected in the microscopy mode were then analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to get information on the local interfacial composition. We find that a reaction between dicyandiamide and the zinc-oxide surface leads to diffusion of molecular zinc complexes into the polymer matrix when the bonds are aged for 14 days in a saturated water vapor environment at 70 °C. No significant decrease in bond strength is induced by the aging process.
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