0 citations0 references

Peta–electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula

Science2021Vol. 373(6553), pp. 425–430

Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 2021 papers

Z. Cao, F. Aharonian, Qier An, Axikegu, Lixin Bai, Y.X Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, Xiao-Jun Bi, Y. J. Bi, Heng Cai, J. T. Cai, Zhe Cao, J. Chang, J. Chang, B. M. Chen, E. S. Chen, J. Chen, Liang Chen, Liang Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Qingze Chen, S H Chen, S.Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Ye Chen, N. Cheng, Yaodong Cheng, S. W. Cui, Xiaohong Cui, Yongde Cui, B. D′Ettorre Piazzoli, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Zi-Gao Dai, Danzengluobu Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, X. Dong, K. K. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, Kai Fang, C. Feng, L. Feng, F. Shi, Y. L. Feng, Bo Gao, C. D. Gao, L. Q. Gao, Qinhe Gao, Wei Gao, M. M. Ge, Li‐Sheng Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, Fulai Guo, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, Hao-Ning He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Yan He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. T. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. Hu, D. Huang, Q. Huang, Wenhao Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Zhi-Qiu Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, Chao Jin, T. Ke, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, Bingbing Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, F Li, H. B. Li, Cong Li, Huanhuan Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, Wenting Li, Xiuzhen Li, Xin Li, Xin Li, Y. Li, Yuze Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, En‐Wei Liang, Liang Yu, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, Cheng Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, Jiange Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, Ruo-Yu Liu, Siming Liu, Weiwei Liu, Yuanbo Liu, Y N Liu, Zhaoyi Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q., L. Li, X. H., J. R. Mao, A. Masood, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Qi, Y. Q. Qi, Bing-Qiang Qiao, Jiajun Qin, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, Jianzheng Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Yang Su, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Zhaoyong Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. Tang, W.W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, Leiguang WANG, R. N. Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.D Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Zihao Wang, Z. X. Wang, Zhen Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, Tao Wen, CY Wu, H. R. Wu, Yongcheng Wu, W. X. Wu, Xue-Feng Wu, Shao-Qiang Xi, Jun Xia, Jingbo Xia, G. M. Xiang, Dong Xiao, Gang Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. Xin, Yu Xing, D. L. Xu, Renxin Xu, Xue Lin, Dahai Yan, Jun Yan, Chaoran Yang, F.F Yang, J. Y. Yang, Lili Yang, Min Yang, Ruizhi Yang, S. B. Yang, Yuhua Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, Lina Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Zhanping You, Y. H. Yu, Quan Yuan, Houdun Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, Li Zhang, Li Zhang, Lu Zhang, Peng Zhang, P.P Zhang, R. Zhang, S.R Zhang, S. S. Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Xu Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, Bing Zhao, J. Zhao, Long Zhao, Lei Zhao, Shujie Zhao, Fa‐Kun Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, Rong Zhou, Xiaojuan Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, Kai Zhu, X. Zuo

Abstract

The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.

Citations Over TimeTop 1% of 2021 papers

Abstract

Related Papers