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Simulating Oil Recovery During CO2 Sequestration Into a Mature Oil Reservoir

Canadian International Petroleum Conference2007

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Abstract Utilization of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration processes not only reduces greenhouse emissions but also awards economical benefits. Enhancing oil recovery in a sequestration is an optimization process that requires careful analysis. In CO 2 -EOR the main purpose is to maximize oil recovery with the minimum quantity of CO 2 while a maximum amount of CO 2 is aimed to store in a sequestration. Kartaltepe field having 32 ° API gravity oil in a carbonate formation from southeast Turkey was studied. The field was put on production in 1982 and produced until 2006, which was very close to its economic lifetime. Thus, it was considered as a candidate for enhanced oil recovery and CO2 sequestration. Reservoir rock and fluid data were evaluated and merged into CMG/STARS simulator. History matching study was done with production data to verify the results of the simulator with field data. After obtaining a good match, the different scenarios were realized by using the simulator. From the results of simulation runs, it was realized that CO2 injection can be applied to increase oil recovery, but sequestering of high amount of CO2 was found out to be inappropriate for Kartaltepe field. Therefore, it was decided to focus on oil recovery while CO2 was sequestered within the reservoir. Oil recovery was about 23% of original oil in place (OOIP) in 2006 for the field, it reached to 43 % of OOIP by injecting CO2 after defining production and injection scenarios, properly. Introduction Global warming is a term used to describe the observed increases in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. The average global temperature rose 0.6 ± 0.2 °C over 150 years, and the scientific opinion on climate change is that it is likely that " most of the warming observed over the 20th century is attributable to human activities" (1)(2). Factors that may be contributing to global warming are the burning of coal and petroleum products (sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone) and deforestation (3). It is estimated that the global radiative forcing of anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO2) is approximately 60% of the total due to all anthropogenic greenhouse gases so the climate change is mainly driven by emissions of CO2(4). The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was opened for signature in 1992 by a majority of the world's nations in response to global concern over human-induced climate change. A central, and often controversial, issue in these negotiations has been the use of terrestrial carbon sinks (e.g., forests, agricultural soils) to reduce CO2 emission levels(5). The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC included provisions for industrialized nations to manage carbon sinks in order to meet specified emissions-reduction targets. Under the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, adopted in December 1997, industrialized nations target to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions of an average of 6 to 8% below 1990 levels between the years 2008–2012(6).

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