Electron Cloud Measurements in Fermilab Booster

Abstract

Fermilab Booster synchrotron requires an intensity upgrade from 4.510 12 to 6.510 12 protons per pulse as a part of Fermilab's Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II).One of the factors which may limit the high-intensity performance is the fast transverse instabilities caused by electron cloud effects.According to the experience in the Recycler, the electron cloud (EC) gradually builds up over multiple turns in the combined function magnets and can reach final intensities orders of magnitude greater than in a pure dipole.Since the Booster synchrotron also incorporates combined function magnets, it is important to discover any existence of an electron cloud.And if it does, its effects on the PIP-II era Booster and whether mitigating techniques are required.The presence or absence of the electron cloud was investigated using two different methods; measuring bunch-by-bunch tune shift by changing the bunch train structure at different intensities and propagating a microwave carrier signal through the beampipe, and analyzing the phase modulation of the signal.This contribution discusses the results of the two methods and corresponding simulation results conducted using PyECLOUD software.

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