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Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics for the 2020s

2023

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Fiona Harrison, Robert C. Kennicutt, Julianne J. Dalcanton, P. T. de Zeeuw, Andrew Driesman, Jonathan J. Fortney, Gabriela González, J. A. Goodman, Marc Kamionkowski, Bruce Macintosh, Jacobus M. Oschmann, Rachel A. Osten, Lyman A. Page, Eliot Quataert, Wanda Sigur, Rachel S. Somerville, Keivan G. Stassun, Jean Turner, Pieter van Dokkum, Ellen G. Zweibel, Deepto Chakrabarty, Laura Chomiuk, D. E. Holz, R. Margutti, Julie McEnery, P. Mészáros, Ramesh Narayan, S. M. Ransom, Todd A. Thompson, Daniel J. Eisenstein, L. E. Bleem, Rachel Mandelbaum, M. F. Morales, D. Scolnic, Matías Zaldarriaga, Kathryn M. Zurek, Daniela Calzetti, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, Hsiao‐Wen Chen, A. E. Hornschemeier, Susan Kassin, Amanda A. Kepley, Charles C. Steidel, Daniel Stern, Tommaso Treu, David Weinberg, Victoria Meadows, D. A. Brain, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Courtney D. Dressing, Tiffany Kataria, Kathleen Mandt, Mark S. Marley, Britney Schmidt, Christopher C. Stark, Lee Hartmann, Sean M. Andrews, Philip J. Armitage, B. T. Draine, Kaitlin M. Kratter, Karin Sandström, Snežana Stanimirović, Sarbani Basu, N. S. Brickhouse, Adam J. Burgasser, Jennifer A. Johnson, R. T. James McAteer, Elisa V. Quintana, Louis-Gregory Strolger, David N. Spergel, Michael R. Blanton, Kelle Cruz, Mark Delvin, Megan Donahue, Keith Hawkins, A. Kiessling, Karin I. Öberg, Angela Olinto, Bernard J. Rauscher, James Stone, Marcia Rieke, Ruslan Belikov, Rebecca Bernstein, Lester M. Cohen, Nikole Lewis, Amy Mainzer, Mark Saunders, Evgenya L. Shkolnik, G. Sonneborn, C. M. Urry, S. M. Kahn, Lisa Barsotti, Allison Barto, Michael Bay, Martin Elvis, Charles Hailey, C. Kouveliotou, Charles Lawrence, S. H. Moseley, R. Mukherjee, Gordon Stacey, T. Heckman, David Bearden, David Charbonneau, Suvi Gezari, A. M. Ghez, Jenny E. Greene, J. T. Hoeksema, Richard W. Pogge, Massimo Robberto, N. M. Förster Schreiber, David R. Silva, J. F. Beacom, L. Cadonati, D. Besson, E. Hays, N. Jeremy Kasdin, D. Kieda, A. N. Lommen, Brian D. Metzger, James Yeck, Nicole Yunes, Andrew Baker, Héctor G. Arce, Ravinder Bhatia, T. E. Clarke, M. Dobbs, David L. Kaplan, Daniel P. Marrone, Lynn D. Matthews, Joan Najita, R. L. Plambeck, Margaret M. Hanson, E. Ramírez-Ruiz, Gurtina Besla, Patricia A. Boyd, Kathryne J. Daniel, Martha P. Haynes, J. Isler, Rachel Ivie, Kathryn Johnston, Casey Miller, Jesús Pando, Julie R. Posselt, Jane R. Rigby, Willie S. Rockward

Abstract

We live in an extraordinary period of discovery in astronomy and astrophysics. Six Nobel Prizes have been awarded over the past decade alone for discoveries based on astronomical data (dark energy, gravitational waves, neutrino oscillations, the discovery of exoplanets, cosmology, and supermassive black holes). Many of the ambitious scientific visions of the 2010 New Worlds, New Horizons (Astro2010)1 decadal survey are being fulfilled, but momentum has only grown. We stand on the threshold of new endeavors that will transform not only our understanding of the universe and the processes and physical paradigms that govern it but also humanity’s place in it. This report of the Committee for a Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020) proposes a broad, integrated plan for space- and ground-based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade 2023–2032.2 It also lays the foundations for further advances in the following decade. This is the seventh in a sequence of decadal survey studies in this field from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This survey examines the program of record, providing advice on the major projects from prior surveys that are yet to be completed. It also lays out priorities for future investments driven by scientific opportunities. The recommendations in this report advance foundational activities that support the people who drive innovation and discovery, and that promote the technologies and tools needed to carry out the science. The report also recommends sustaining activities on a broad range of cost and time scales, as well as activities that enable future visionary projects by maturing them scientifically and technically. Last, the recommendations set in motion the construction of frontier facilities that will change the view and understanding of the cosmos. The survey is bounded by plausible budget scenarios based on briefings from the sponsoring agencies— the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF). Within these bounds, the survey aims high, reflecting this time of great scientific promise and progress, with opportunities to pursue some of the most compelling scientific quests of our times.

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