Relationship of sediment discharge to streamflow

Citations Over Time

Abstract

Figure 19. Instantaneous sediment rating curves for Rio Grande at San Marcial, N Mex., from data for water years 1949, 1950, and 1951 86 20. Adjustment applied to discharge of fines in the Rio Grande at San Maroial, N. Mex., for ratio of main stem flow near Bernardo to total flow below the mouth of the Rio Salado 88 21. Adjustment to discharge of fines for volume of flow in the channel of the Rio Grande at San Marcial, 22* Instantaneous sediment rating curve for Rio Grande at San Maroial, N. Mex., from data for water years-1949, 1950, and 1951 91 23. Percentage comparison of daily sediment discharges computed from shifted rating curves with measured sediment discharges, Rio Grande at San Marcial, N Mex., 1952 water year 96 24 Monthly seasonal adjustment to suspended-sediment discharge, Rio Pueroo near Bernardo, N. Mex 99 25. Daily sediment rating curve, Rio Puerco near Bernardo, N. Mex 101 26. Instantaneous sediment rating curve from concentrations of size samples, White River near Kadoka, S. Dak -106 27. Instantaneous sediment rating curves for sands and for combined clay and silt, White River near TTfl d olcfi, S T}fl.lc*~ *-. _ . .**. -.. . _.._.. ___** ..._.. . 107 28. Seasonal adjustment to discharge of sediment in clay and silt sizes, White River near Kadoka, S. Dak 109 29. Approximate average variation of coefficient of sediment discharge (fines) with elapsed time after beginning of a rise, White River near Kadoka, w L/aiC~ -. - _____ ______ _____ _. . JLJLU Accuracy of computed sediment discharges can be much improved for many streams by shifting the sediment rating curve on the basis of 2 or 4 measurements of sediment discharge per month. Of 26 annual sediment discharges that were computed by shifting sediment rating ourves to either 2 or 4 measured sediment discharges per month, 18 were within 10 percent of the annual sediment discharges that were computed on the basis of a daily sampling program. Monthly and daily sediment discharges computed from daily or instantaneous sediment rating curves, either shifted or unshifted, were less accurate than similarly computed annual sediment discharges. Even so, the difference in cost between occasional sediment samples and daily samples is so great that the added accuracy from daily sampling may not justify the added cost. Monthly and annual sediment-rating ourves can be applied simply, with adjustments if required, to compute monthly and annual sediment discharges with reasonably good accuracy for gaging stations like the Rio Puerco near Bernardo, N. Mex. An annual sediment-rating curve seemed to give as satisfactory average sediment discharges for the Colorado River near Grand Canyon, Ariz., for periods of several years as could be computed from daily or instantanteous sediment rating ourves. Unmeasured-sediment discharge of the Niobrara River near Cody, Nebr., varied with about the 3d power of the average velocity at the gaging-station section. An unmeasured-sediment rating curve based on this relationship was used with two other sediment rating curves, one for suspended silt and clay and one for suspended sands, and with daily streamflow records to compute fairly satisfactory daily, monthly, and annual total sediment discharges of the stream for the water year ending September 30, 1949.

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