Does the evidence for an inverse relationship between serum vitamin D status and breast cancer risk satisfy the Hill criteria?
Citations Over TimeTop 10% of 2012 papers
Abstract
A wide range of epidemiologic and laboratory studies combined provide compelling evidence of a protective role of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer. This review evaluates the scientific evidence for such a role in the context of the A.B. Hill criteria for causality, in order to assess the presence of a causal, inverse relationship, between vitamin D status and breast cancer risk. After evaluation of this evidence in the context of Hill's criteria, it was found that the criteria for a causal relationship were largely satisfied. Studies in human populations and the laboratory have consistently demonstrated that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of breast cancer. Vitamin D supplementation is an urgently needed, low cost, effective, and safe intervention strategy for breast cancer prevention that should be implemented without delay. In the meantime, randomized controlled trials of high doses of vitamin D(3) for prevention of breast cancer should be undertaken to provide the necessary evidence to guide national health policy.
Related Papers
- → Causality in Social Network Analysis(2001)94 cited
- → Distinguishing properties of causality conditions(1987)6 cited
- Investigation to Jin Yuelin's Theory of Causality and Justification for It(2014)
- AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE UNDERSTANDING OF CAUSALITY AND THE MASTERY OF CAUSALITY CONJUNCTIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN(1961)
- → The Relationship Between Defense Expenditures and Economic Growth: Rolling-Window Causality Test(2022)