Enhancing Product Development through CT Images, Computer-Aided Design and Rapid Manufacturing: Present Capabilities, Main Applications and Challenges

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Abstract

It is difficult to find the origins of what we call "systematic design". To offer but one example, anyone studying the diagrams and sketches of Leonardo da Vinci can hardly fail to observe the depth of his analysis and how he systematically used variations to suggest possible solutions and be able to compare them (Taddei, Kaiser, Knig, 2006, Bautista, 2007). Up to the Industrial revolution, product design and development work was essentially linked to art and craft and only with the gradual mechanization of processes halfway through the 19 th Century did a need begin to emerge to optimize the use of materials and perform detailed studies on strength, stiffness, wear, friction, assembly and maintenance (Reuleaux, 1875). However, it was not until the 20 th Century that a systematic evaluation of these parameters was put forward as a way of gradually reaching an optimal solution. (Erkens, Wrgebauer). Just before the Second World War a need was beginning to be noticed to rationalize product design processes but progress in this direction was hampered by the following factors: An absence of effective methods for representing abstract ideas.

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