Pemphigus: Subtypes, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment
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Abstract
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune blistering disorders associated with autoantibodies against the keratinocyte cell surface. Pemphigus has three major variants: pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) which all have further subtypes. The variants of pemphigus are classified depending upon the clinical and histological features, immunofluorescence staining pattern, and autoantibody profile of the disease. The onset and course of pemphigus appear on the basis of interaction between genetic predisposition and various triggering factors. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most commonly seen and representative clinical form of pemphigus. Together with clinical manifestations, the histopathological and immunopathological data support the diagnosis. As though some pemphigus variants, particularly pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus, have a mortality risk, early diagnosis is necessary and onset of treatment should be promptly initiated. In this chapter, firstly, classification of pemphigus is described. After then, clinical features, histopathological and immunopathological findings, target antigens, etiopathogenesis and comorbidities of each pemphigus variant are discussed briefly.
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