Exploiting the Nitrilotriacetic Acid Moiety for Biolabeling with Ultrastable Perylene Dyes
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Abstract
Fluorescent probes are essential for the exploration of protein function, detection of molecular interactions, and conformational changes. The nitrilotriacetic acid derivatives of different chromophores were successfully used for site-selective noncovalent fluorescence labeling of histidine-tagged proteins. All of them, however, suffer from the same drawback--loss of the fluorescence upon binding of the nickel ions. Herein we present the solution and solid phase synthesis of water-soluble perylene(dicarboximide) functionalized with a nitrilotriacetic acid moiety (PDI-NTA). The photophysical properties of PDI-NTA revealed an exceptional photostability and fluorescence quantum yield that remained unchanged upon addition of nickel ions. The F1 complex of F0F1-ATP synthase from Escherichia coli, containing three hexahistidine tags, was labeled and the suitability for site-specific labeling of the new chromophore demonstrated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
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