Cryo SEM Examination of Gemma Formation in Vittaria graminifolia
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Abstract
Production of gemmae by gametophytes of Vittaria entails regularity of pattern relevant to systematic comparisons and unusual cellular differentiation relevant to studies of cellular morphogenesis. Cryo SEM allows critical three dimensional analysis of these delicate structures. In Vittaria graminifolia, gemmifer cells initiated by the apical meristem typically support two gemma pairs with the terminal gemma of each pair oriented at right angles to the subterminal gemma. Mature gemmae consist of a uniseriate filament of four body cells with rhizoid primordial cells at each end. Cellular differentiation during gemma production includes growth from specific, localized areas, constricted connections between cells, reorientation of the polarity of cell growth, temporary suppression of cell growth and division, abscission between cells, and deposition of surface material on mature gemmae.
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